整理：Janet
来源：肿瘤资讯
一夜间，朋友圈被刷爆，变成了这样……
可，几个小时后，又变成了这样……
暂且不论这些所谓筹款的是是非非，但相信转发朋友圈的人都是真心希望小朋友能尽快康复。那么，究竟白血病有多可怕？让我们从客观的角度用事实说话！
目前儿童白血病的病因和发病机制尚不完全清楚，众多学者认为白血病的发生是环境因素和遗传因素共同作用的结果。尽管在过去数十年里，统计数据显示白血病是儿童癌症的主要类型，然而近几年来，随着化疗、放疗、骨髓移植的进步，多数白血病可以治愈。
白血病易侵袭“一老一小”
白血病是常见的恶性肿瘤，根据年龄发病率可发现，5岁以下和15~20岁间有两个小高峰，40岁以后，随年龄增长发病率逐渐升高，60岁以后属发病高峰年龄。
白血病一般分为急性和慢性两大类。
●急性白血病常表现为突然高烧、有出血倾向、脸色苍白、疲乏等。有的病人因皮肤紫癜、月经过多或拔牙后出血难止，才被发现患有白血病。此外，急性白血病患者还会出现淋巴结和肝脾肿大、关节疼痛、眼眶部粒细胞肉瘤、牙龈增生肿胀、皮肤损害等。
●慢性白血病无自觉症状，起病十分缓慢，早期可感觉乏力、疲倦，后期出现食欲减退、消瘦、低热、盗汗及贫血、血小板减少等症状，但淋巴结肿大一定要引起患者注意。
多项因素决定治疗手段
适合的治疗主要取决于患者所患白血病的类型、年龄及患者的整体健康状况。白血病患者有很多治疗方面的选择，并且可能会接受不知一种类型的治疗。目前，白血病的治疗策略包括：
●观察等待疗法
●化疗
●靶向疗法
●放疗
●造血干细胞移植
对白血病患者而言，除了常规治疗方案外，某些处于临床研究阶段的治疗方案也是非常重要的选择，因此也可以在主诊医生的指导下参与某些新疗法的临床试验。需要注意的是，无论何时，关怀和护理都是缓解治疗副作用、控制疼痛或其他症状的有效手段。
那么，让我们再一起来看看20世纪60年代至今儿童肿瘤5年生存率的变化吧，是不是顿时感觉抗争白血病的信心增加不少呢？其实，白血病也并非不治之症！
随访护理很关键
治疗白血病后，需要定期检查。例如，有些急性白血病患者在治疗后第1年需要每月检查一次，慢性白血病则可能是每6个月检查一次，有助于发现身体变化，及时积极采取治疗措施。
最后，为了搞清白血病的现状，小编也是费尽了心机，在此为各位医学专业人员安利一本2015年由Elsevier出版的第八版Nathan和Oski的小儿血液肿瘤学（Nathan and Oski’s hematology andoncology of infancy and childhood）。本书除了详细讲解血液学方面的知识构架，比如正常及异常血细胞、出凝血疾病、免疫疾病外，还添加了关于癌症治疗、实体瘤以及肿瘤支持疗法的相关内容，更新了我们对于血液肿瘤学的认识，值得一读。
另外，小编也悉心收集了关于白血病的权威必读文章一同分享，要知道学无止境呀，为了让更多小伙伴们更好地认识白血病，小编也是拼了！
Acute Myeloid Leukemia – Prognosis 急性髓系白血病——预后
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Acute Myeloid Leukemia – Treatment 急性髓系白血病——治疗
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Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia 急性早幼粒细胞白血病
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Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia 急性淋巴细胞白血病
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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 慢性粒细胞白血病
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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia – Prognosis 慢性淋巴细胞白血病-预后
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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia – Treatment慢性淋巴细胞白血病-治疗
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最后的最后，不得不说的是血液学盛会ASH即将来临，更多血液系统肿瘤进展敬请保持关注哦！
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